Effectiveness of Online Advertising - 6110 Words

PROJECT STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE ADVERTISING [pic][pic] Submitted By Aashima Malik ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the people who have helped me in the fulfillment of this project study. First and foremost I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Nitin Mantri, my mentor, whose guidance and supervision helped me fulfill my individual research paper. His contribution has been immeasurable. I would also like to thank my friends who were extremely supportive throughout this period – I cannot thank everyone enough. MENTOR’S INTERFACE I, Nitin Mantri, certify that Aashima Malik, student of Advertising Public Relations 2009-2010 has completed her Individual Research paper on†¦show more content†¦Online advertising as a medium is emerging and holds a promising future for brands to build consumer relationships as these advertisements act as a reminder as well as a channel of sales. Online Advertising provides brands with the opportunity to exist alongside their competition and yet be relevant. Presently BFSI and IT sectors are the major investors in online advertising as their target audience (corporate) is present online most of the time. So, internet acts as a medium of influencing the target consumer as well as a channel of sales for them. But FMCG sectors are also catching up. Because of the advent of social networking sites like Facebook, Orkut and Twitter, it has become easier for FMCG brands to advertise online as these advertisements act as a reminder for the consumers and directs the interested con sumers to the main sites. This helps them in building their brand image as well as the consumer database as it gives them the opportunity to interact with the consumers and get feedback. The most important feature of Online Advertising is that is measurable i.e. consumer reactions can be monitored. This feature of online advertising makes it an efficient medium for advertising as results can be easily monitored. The major limitation to this medium is the low broadband penetration in the country and although the internet user base is on a rise but the ratio when compared to the total population is very low. Thus, Online Advertising isShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages Of Online Advertising1312 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Advantages of Online Advertisement Better Targeting Targeting campaigns to a specific audience utilizing zip code, city, age or demographics ensures campaigns only reach highly qualified recipients. (Heindl, 2008) Achieve Specific Campaign Goals Online advertising enable advertisers to achieve specific campaign goals more strategically than traditional media. Advertisers can weigh creative by best performing, limit daily impressions through frequency caps and have better reach control byRead MorePros And Cons Of Online Advertising Critique1126 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Advertising Critique Introduction Online advertising campaign is a new way of product promotion with the development of Internet technology. The main purposes of the online campaign are always for the product promotion and brand marketing. Creative is the most important factor in the advertisement that used to express information. Based on the Ford advertising, the article will attempt to analyze the pros and cons of advertising content. In the first part, the article will analyze the advertisingRead MoreWhy Are Print Advertising Obsolete? Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is print advertising obsolete? Nowadays, people get so many different types of advertisement such as a print advertisement, TV, and the Internet from companies. A few examples of print advertising are newspapers, magazines, or the Yellow Pages. Print advertising used to be the best choice for advertising products because it helps customers understand the products clearly and then they share it to others. However, with the development of Internet , print advertising has not had a massive impactRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1557 Words   |  7 PagesIncluded in the assignment is information on how each company creates value and sustains their competitive advantage through business strategies and what measurement guidelines each company uses to verify their strategic effectiveness. Last, the assignment provides the effectiveness of these measurement guidelines. This paper contains the environmental practices of Domino Pizza, Inc. versus Pizza Hut, Inc. Stakeholders, customers, and members of an organization’s board of directors expect executiveRead MoreRelated Local and Foreign Literature and study1400 Words   |  6 Pagestheir products and services as more consumers are going online to research before making purchases. Companies should consider using online advertisements for the products and services they offer as more and more people are using the Internet to research goods they plan to buy before making the purchase. It also states that in the Philippines, the study showed that around 70 percent of consumers first make a research of their purchases online even if they purchase offline. This trend shows the potentialRead MoreUsing Instagram : Motives For Its Use And Relationship1272 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect the effectiveness of social media advertising from three angles: advertising type, advertising literacy, and social tie strength from the perspective social psychology. This study randomly assigns participants in to eight groups. The study finds out that interactive advertising has greater communication effectiveness, tie strength is critical for the effect of advertising on consumers’ attitude, and also advertising literacy has a negative influence on advertising effectiveness. 43. SzmiginRead MoreDigital Marketing : The Utilization Of Electronic Media Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagespresented. This study has described various forms of digital marketing, effectiveness of it and the impact it has on firm’s sales. The examined sample consists of one hundred fifty firms and fifty executives which have been randomly selected to prove the effectiveness of digital marketing. Collected data has been analyzed with the help of various statistical tools and techniques. Keywords: Digital Marketing, Promotion, Effectiveness, Customer Reach 1. Introduction Digital marketing is one type ofRead MorePublicity Campaigns for 4 Pines1118 Words   |  4 Pagesclubs - Sales promotion and advertising at point of sales: Bottle shop advertisements 4 Pines beer coaster in pubs/venues serving 4 pines Bulk buying discounts at bottle shops - Transit advertising (busses and trains) - Outdoor (outdoor furniture, bus stops) Broadcast Media - Radio: Radio-FM-Nova,2 Day,JJJ, Radio-AM-2GB,2UE Radio online-Pandora Interactive Media - Social Media: Facebook, YouTube and Twitter - Craft beer blogs/forums - 4 Pines website: competitions online sales promotions - 4 PinesRead MoreThe Current System Of Marketing Houses1431 Words   |  6 PagesFindings 1. How do you currently advertise properties to your clients? (Appendix 1) The employees suggest that half the advertising is conveyed through the Homes Direct website, whereas the other half is nominated through the local authority. This is managed through Company X’s website. This can indicate that one of their main methods of selling properties is through the use of the internet. 2. How would you rate the current system of marketing houses? (Appendix 2) The employees were askedRead MoreEffectiveness Of Digital Marketing For Marketers And Consumers1450 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING STRATIGIES SONIA DARA Assistant Professor , Department of commerce, Khalsa College For Women, Civil Lines Ludhiana, Punjab, India E-mail- darasonia27@yahoo.in ABSTRACT Marketers are faced with new challenges and opportunities within this digital age. Digital marketing drives the creation of demand using the power of the internet, and satisfies this demand in new and innovative ways. In other words Digital marketing is the utilization of electronic

Abortion A Controversial Topic - 1252 Words

According to The Catholic Encyclopedia, abortion can be defined as the loss of a fetal life. Today, abortion is a very controversial topic. There are people who are pro-life, and they do not believe in allowing abortion. On the other hand, there are those who are pro-choice, and they believe that a mother should have the choice for whether or not she continues with the pregnancy. I believe the mother should have the right to choose whether or not to continue a pregnancy because of the particular circumstance a mother is in. What makes abortion controversial is whether or not someone labels it as murder. It has been debated, and still is debated, when exactly human life begins. Many believe that life begins at the moment of conception,†¦show more content†¦Additionally, after a woman experiences a traumatic event like this, psychological problems may arise causing the mother to be incapable of caring for a child. Other situations where a woman should be able to choose whether or not to abort the baby is when it comes to the health of the mother. Sometimes a woman’s health is compromised throughout the pregnancy and while giving birth, which could eventually be fatal for the woman. Even though medicine is very advance today, there are still cases where the doctor cannot treat a pregnant mother with a particular condition, especially while pregnant. This could be because the treatment is too strong and will cause the baby to die or because there is not a treatment for the particular condition. Examples of these circumstances could include mother being diagnosed with cancer or acquiring a severe infection, a heart condition, or even very high blood pressure. The health of the fetus can also be affected during a pregnancy. A fetus can have a certain condition that would lead to him/her living a life that many would not want to live. In some cases, the child may not even be able to have their brain develop past a certain point. In these instances, the child would be in constant pain, would not be able actually live and experience life, and/or would not beShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is A Controversial Topic1097 Words   |  5 Pages Abortion is a controversial topic and in 1973 (PBS.org), the United States court case of Roe v. Wade resulted in an unconstitutional ruling of abortions as illegal except when a mother life was in jeopardy. This case politically polarized citizens of the country, influenced debates and resulted in violence (PBS.org). The polarization of public opinions among citizens concerning abortions can be related to many factors. Some factors that can polarize citizens’ public opinions towards abortionRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic986 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion has always been a controversial topic in the United States for decades. Abortion is like taking the life of someone without their permission so it is technically â€Å"murder†. There is no such thing as an unwanted child, m illions of families in the United States are always willing to adopt. On the other hand, there are circumstances where a woman can barely care and sustain herself so chances are that she will not be able to take care of her child. Or when a rape occurs, having an abortionRead MoreAbortion Is A Controversial Topic1861 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion is a highly controversial topic. The definition of an abortion is â€Å"the deliberate termination of a pregnancy†. Pro-lifers believe that life is precious, and should not be allowed to be ripped away because of another person’s mistake. Pro-choicer’s believe that it should ultimately be women’s decisions, seeing as they are the ones most directly involved. Both have arguments and counterarguments, neither being able to find a common ground. As society is developing, more people are beginningRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic2411 Words   |  10 Pages Clarice Randall Professor Green English 101 25 November 2014 Abortion Abortion is a very controversial topic in American. The question is about abortion is should it be legal or should it be illegal? Then the next question is when does life begin, at conception or after birth? While there are some people who are labelled as pro-choice that says that abortion is a woman choose and it should not be controlled by the government or a religious authority. On the other hand, there are some peopleRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic1821 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion—what a controversial topic it can be. It is something that people are either for or against and not many in-between. It is a taboo of sorts, but as time goes on, it seems to only be a taboo if you are against abortion, not for it. Mainly because if you are against abortion then you are clearly against women’s rights in general. To be for abortion is â€Å"all the rage† these days because our society is so focused on equality, and all things equality. However, while we are fighting for equalRead More The Controversial Topic of Abortion Essays2034 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most controversial topics in society is abortion. The act of removing a fetus to end pregnancy has divided the world. Although abortion is being discussed among friends, politicians, and even on blogs in the modern era, it has been in practice in the US since the early 1800s. It was mainly done to keep unmarried women from having children if they accidentally got pregnant. They considered an unmarried pregnant woman not marriageable material so abortion was one way to hide that fact thatRead MoreAbortion: A Controversial Topic Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is one of the most highly debated issues in our country today, and this debate between those who support abortion and those against it has been going on since the 1973 court case, Roe v. Wade. To have an abortion or not to is solely the woman’s choice and her right. Keeping abortion legal is a wise r decision than outlawing it for multiple reasons. All women deserve the right to choose what to do with their bodies. If abortion is to be made illegal, that decision will be stripping womenRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic Around The Globe940 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion is a highly controversial topic around the globe, mostly because of the moral issues it brings forward based on people’s philosophies and religion. A significant part of the population, called pro-life, consider abortion as murdering a living child and hence, are against abortion. Another group of people, called pro-choice, believe that the parents, particularly women, have the choice to do anything with their body and have the right to decide whether or not to keep the child. They mayRead MoreAbortion: A Controversial Debatable Topic Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesAbortions have long been a controversial and debatable topic. Politicians and religious groups, and most individuals have a strong opinion or view regarding the topic. Society has tw o very different views regarding abortions. Those that oppose abortions for various reasons are considered pro-life, while those that believe abortion is a woman’s choice are considered pro-choice. The arguments that each side believes are considerably very different and often cause outrage or extreme emotional responsesRead MoreAbortion Topic Controversial Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION This topic has always been a concern between the people and the government. There are approximately 1.6 million abortions. Abortion means Induced termination of pregnancy and expulsion of an embryo or fetus that is incapable of survival. I think that basically, people can do whatever they want to do, as long as they know what they are doing. What abortion is, is that if a woman has a baby in her stomach, and she does not want to have the baby, she can go through abortion or have the baby

Natural Resources free essay sample

With the rate of use and consumption on the rise, as global population increases, we need to be aware of what the dangers could be if we do not slow down. An article called â€Å"Water Pressure† says the following: â€Å"All over the globe farmers and municipalities are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be replenished. † (Montaigne) Clearly as the writer of this article has stated, water consumption is becoming a growing concern. While consumption is a concern on the radar, the effect that water supplies drying up will more likely take a toll on the wild life. When water decreases due to water tables that are unable to replenish quick enough, fish and other animals that depend on fish for food, will be affected. Brian Richter of The Nature Conservancy says â€Å"as we dry up a river or lake to harvest or export its water, the health of the fish population and natural fresh water ecosystems plummet. If we do not replace these trees at the same speed as we are using them then very soon this resource will be expended. The cutting of trees also results in loss of ecosystems and soil erosion, and less rainfall. When fossil fuels were discovered they momentarily took the pressure off wood. First there was coal, then oil as in crude oil or petroleum and then later petrol and more recently natural gas. However unlike trees that are a renewable resource all these are non renewable. The reserves are finite and at some point in the future they will be depleted. We need to first conserve what we have left and to do that the call of the day is to use these natural resources sparingly and responsibly. We must resort to the use of alternative forms of energy which will lessen the burden on our natural resources. There are various forms of alternative energy available. Light from the Sun also called as Solar Energy can be converted into electricity. This solar energy could be used to cook food. Wind power could also be used to generate electricity. Bio gas which is generated by the action of bacteria on packed kitchen waste without oxygen could be used as an alternative to liquid petroleum gas. The need of the hour is to make alternative forms of energy easily available and viable to the consumer. Natural ecosystem preservation could be accomplished by maintaining abundance of nature, preservation of endangered species, keeping of biodiversity, and so on. Recently there have been increasing reports about research of ecosystem preservation using remote sensing or G1S (Geographic Information Systems) spatial analysis. Sustainable forestry could be achieved by correctly managing forest resources through replanting, conversation, and protection from fire, disease and pollution. We must all join hands in our efforts to preserve our natural resources. Preservation cannot happen without conservation; hence we must all do our part in conserving. Instead of using individual cars to work we could use car pools, we could make an effort not to use our domestic appliances during peak hours, we could use public transport wherever possible and we could switch to alternative power use. We, each of us, can make preservation happen.

Young Modulus of Copper Essay Example

Young Modulus of Copper Paper From the above results , we can see that there is a 12. 1 % random error in finding the Young modulus of copper . One of the reasons for such errors is the non-uniformity in cross sectional area . When a wire is stretched by a force , the length of course will increase , but at the same time the cross sectional area of the wire will also vary . This little variation will affect the calculation of Young modulus by a pretty substantial degree . Besides , there could have been parallax error which occurs when the eye is not placed directly opposite a scale which a reading is being taken . Moreover , reading errors is another error when guess work is involved in taking a reading from a scale when the reading lies between the lines. Concerning the large systematic error , the main reason for it is the impreciseness of equipments . Since the extension is so small (about 0. 01mm), using a meter rule(minimum scale is only 1mm) to measure it is absolutely unacceptable as many minor data will be omitted . In addition , the length of wire in part 1 and part 2 is different , this will end up in not being a fair test . As the elastic limit depends little on the length of the wire , the wire in part 2 may undergo plastic deformation earlier that we may have ignored . Conclusions : Comparing the shape of the graphs , it is obviously that the result is close to the theory . Although the random error is almost 12% , it is still acceptable as human errors must exist inevitably. However , the systematic error in this experiment is quite large due to the inaccuracy of equipments , therefore better design or improvements are required . Possible Improvements : 1. Repeat the experiment for several times to get a more precise average reading . We will write a custom essay sample on Young Modulus of Copper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Young Modulus of Copper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Young Modulus of Copper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2. Use a longer copper wire to lower the percentage error in measurement . 3. A thinner copper wire is also recommended as it can make the extension larger for better resolution . 4. Use a large Vernier Caliper instead of meter rule so that the extension of the wire can be measured more accurately . If it is possible , it is also suggested to use a electronic Vernier Caliper as well . 5. Add weights at smaller intervals instead of 50g jumps . This would help in making the graphs more accurate, therefore allowing us to read off the graph more accurately and getting better readings.

stuff the tigers Essays

stuff the tigers Essays stuff the tigers Essay stuff the tigers Essay Dear Editor, Im a regular newspaper reader. Recently I stumbled upon Jeremy Clarksons article about tigers. Upon reading it I discovered that I strongly disagree with some of his ideas and points of view and the way in which he writes them. On a personal level I am also fond of these wild animals, which gives me reasons to criticise this article. I can understand that it is difficult to find a rather engaging topic for the readers, especially for the younger audiences. However, this article crosses all of the delicate boundaries that a newspaper is expected to adhere to. It is clear to me, and I am sure o many of your other loyal readers, that the author expresses his views in an offensive way and belittles this sensitive issue by using inappropriate sarcasm. This can clearly be seen from the beginning of the article; the title Stuff The Tigers not only shows Mr. Clarksons personal attitudes to all living creatures and the world itself but also uses language to create humour to address a topic that is clearly not humorous. By using a pun on the word stuff he is making an insensitive start to his article. While this may appeal to a younger audience, those more educated will find it offensive. I am not against his article, every person is allowed to have her or his own opinion. However, the author talks about the animals as if they are non-living objects. Is it a correct point of view? I do not believe so. Animals are living creatures that are a part of our environment, not as Clarkson thinks as irrelevant as the death of a faraway star. They deserve to be treated with respect. All creatures on this planet have their own purpose and it is not up to us to decide whether they live or die. As the most developed and intelligent species, it is our duty to preserve nature. What is more, it is not that hard to save the tigers from xtinction, but clearly Mr. Clarkson cares nothing for their disappearance and the little effort it would take to make a difference. Extinction of any species is a global, environmental problem and one of the most important issues to face the world. It should be concerning all countries. However, from the opening line Jeremy Clarkson places blame mostly with particular countries i. e. China without a reasonable cause; As the population of China becomes more wealthy. Clarkson also suggests that it is generally thought that traditional Chinese medicine involves killing tigers 600million Chinese people believe will cure any umber of ailments. Even if this is so, why doesnt he admit the Chinese also contribute significantly to wildlife conservation? Or that this is a decreasing problem? Mr. Clarkson also writes; Apart from for a few impotent middle-class Chinamen, the extinction makes not the slightest bit of difference if Johnny tiger dies out. The author makes his feelings crystal clear, and it is a sad state of affairs if he is correct. Clarkson makes extinction seem unimportant. He implies that it is not even our concern; l nave never seen any numDer 0T creatures tnat I Know to exlst. so wny should I care if my children never see a tiger?. Here I disagree entirely. If we let all creatures die, who would maintain the essential balance that our planet so badly needs? Personally I do not have an answer. Probably Jeremy Clarkson with his despicable article knows He also mentions that the tigers provide business opportunities; demand for illegal tiger parts is booming. However, I understand that poor communities might feel the need to hunt as the way to survive which is more than Clarkson seems to acknowledge. More often then not, though, this is done because of greed and enormous profits and it is this that we need to prevent in order to prevent the xtinction of tigers. Here is another interesting point Clarkson raises which leaves me divided; Animals become extinct naturally like the brontosaurus. While I agree that some animal deaths are natural, how can the extinction of tigers be natural, if the creatures are being poached? This is not an understandable reason for their disappearance as whole. When the animals do not die naturally, they are not able to breed which leads to the extinction of the species. This is man-made problem not a natural one. Although many of his arguments are presented as questions, And what e supposed to do exactly? , Mr. Clarkson might have influenced your opinion on this issue by his presentation of the issues in a friendly tone, So why should I care if my children never see a tiger? , and humorous manner, eco mentalists. Probably he wants to manipulate us using his humor and the way of writing and I am surprised at your newspaper for allowing this to happen when it concerns a serious topic. He also uses exaggeration ( we are told the polar bear is now at risk and as a result were all supposed to kill ourselves) and these methods create the biggest impact on eaders, making them believe his arguments are more trustworthy than they are in reality. The only creatures that really matter are those in our social group said Jeremy Clarkson. He persuades the readers that nothing wrong and awful will happen if one type of species becomes extinct. However, we are all part of a balanced eco-system that relies on each aspect to survive effectively. If animals become extinct there will not be the required recourses for human beings because animals are needed for products and life support. Despite all of my criticism I agree with; Between 1900 and 1919 Eco-mentalists ignore the fact that we lost most of young men in Europe and prattle on about the passing of the passenger pigeon Nothing can be worse than closed eyes on many human deaths, especially young peoples but it is not part of the argument over saving tigers; these are separate issues. In my opinion The Sunday Times should think about the opposition to Jeremy Clarksons article and consider extinction as an issue for humanity as a whole. ? «You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty?  ». -Mahatma Gandi

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Essay Topic: Web Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern.As these pieces are all from the 20th century, each of the composers added their own interpretations with regards to tonality. I aim to analyse each piece in the context of tonality in order to answer this question.New York Counterpoint (NYC) by Steve Reich is tonal which means it makes use of a conventional key which is B major. This can be seen from the five sharps of the key signature (and lack of D naturals and F naturals.) In fitting with the key of B major, all the notes Reich uses in NYC are from the B major scale which makes the piece entirely diatonic.Although the piece is tonal and diatonic, Reich does not make use of functional harmony. This can be seen because of the lack of cadences and chord structures. The notes of the ostinati in the first section (bars 1-26) are based on chords four and five (E major, and F# major.) For example, in the f irst two bars beat 1 of bar 1 uses the noes A and C (chord V) then, the three semi quavers contain all the notes of chord IV (EGB) and the A and F just after beat four are from chord V. In the second bar, this trend continues; just after beat 1 notes from chord five are used (F and C in clarinet 7 and C and A in clarinet 8 and so on. Here, it is important to note that the notes from each chord only sound with notes from the same chord, no overlapping of notes is heard.This is a contrast to what happens later in the piece. Later in the piece, tonal blurring occurs which means that the notes from different chords (chords IV and V) sound at the same which results in a slightly dissonant blurred harmony. There is a good example of this at bar 22 on the penultimate semiquaver beat: The live clarinet and clarinet 3 are playing an E and clarinet 6 is playing a B, these notes partly make up chord four. Also, on this same beat, clarinet 1 is playing an A# and clarinet 4 is playing an F# whic h make up chord 5. Because these notes sound together, the notes that are heard together is B, E, F#, A#. Some of these notes are from chord four and some chord five which results in the blurred tonality because they sound simultaneously. The reason that this tonal blurring occurs is because of phasing which is the process of adding a rest before or after the ostinati pattern. In this example, the live clarinet and clarinet six are one beat out of phase (crotchet rest at the beginning of bar 17) which means the ostinati pattern (C#, B, G#, E) now starts a beat later than it did in bar 1. (unclear)Another tonal device that Reich uses in NYC is the pulsating chords found at bar 27 in clarinets 7, 8, 9 and bass clarinet 10. Here, Reich adds extra dissonances to the chords. For example, on the last two semi quaver beats of bar 27 the notes that are heard are F# (cl7), B# (cl8), D# (b. Cl 9) and a C# in the bass clarinet 10. The notes make up the chord of B major (BD#F#) however the diss onance of a C# is added which creates unclear harmony. This dissonance is then extended when the chords change in bar 33. The notes heard are A#, D#, G# and E. These notes dont make up any conventional chord therefore, creating dissonance in the tonality.String quartet 8 by Shostakovich is a tonal work in the key of C minor, this can be deduced from the key signature and the accidentals of B natural. However, the C minor tonality is unclear and undermined from the start due to the different keys that each of the DSCH motives enter in. The cello enters in the key of C minor (D, Eb, C, Bnatural are all from the C minor scale.) The viola enters in the key of G minor (A natural, Bb, G and F# from G minor scale.) The 2nd violin enters in C minor (same notes as cello but an octave higher.) Finally, the 1st violin enters in bar 5 in the key of F minor (G, Ab, F, E natural all from F minor scale.)It is also interesting how Shostakovich uses all twelve notes of the chromatic scale by bar 6 w hich firstly shows no evidence for a diatonic nature in the melody but also links the piece (weakly) with serialist techniques.Although there is little strong evidence of functional tonality reflecting the arch form structure throughout the piece, there is an element of functional harmony found at the end of the first section. The first section (A) is from bars 1-27 (characterised by its contrapuntal exploration of the DSCH motif) and towards the end (from bars 24-26) there is a hint of a functional perfect cadence. This is because in bar 24 the notes used at beat 3 (lowest to highest on score) are: F, F, Ab, C. This makes up chord four in C minor.The next chord used is chord five in C minor at the beginning of bar 25, the notes uses are: G, D, Ab, Bnatural. This is a major version of chord five (G, B, D) with the Ab (that drops a tone to G in the 3rd beat of 25) acting as a 9-8 suspension. Finally, the chord used at the start of bar 26 is chord 1, the notes are C, C, G, C. However, there is the absence of the third note which shows whether the chord is a major or minor, so although the progression as gone IV, V, I (traditional, functional harmony) the functional harmony is not so strict because it is not a proper chord I used to finalise the cadence and section A.Another tonal device that Shostakovich uses is the presence of a double pedal note on notes one (C) and five (G) of C minor. This is found in the B section (bars 27-44) in the 2nd violin, viola and cello and lasts for 17 bars. Again, there is no 3rd to make the tonality of this double pedal major or minor, creating an ambiguous feeling by the use of bare, open fifths.Unlike NYC and Shostakovichs string quartet, Weberns Quartet is completely atonal. Its atonal because the piece is composed using serialist techniques. This means that Webern has created a tone row which is constructed from all 12 notes of the chromatic scale, not in order and none repeated. This has the effect of placing no importance o n a single note. The prime order tone row can be head in the tenor saxophone from bars 6-10.Because no importance is placed on a single note, it removes all the traditional and conventional elements that were laid out by 17th/18th/19th century tonality. The music isnt centred on the tonic, it has no key, it has no cadences and no deliberate harmonic chords that accompany a supporting melody. Although, there are chords they are simply a result of different perumatations of the cantus firums (prime row) overlapping, such as the climatic point at 22 and 23. In other words, any notes that sound together are not a result of deliberate harmony. There is no harmony in this work.However, it is still interesting how the structure of the Quartet is a traditional sonata form. Conventionally, a traditional sonata form would have made use of functional harmony with modulations and different keys for different sections. As previously stated, the Quartet does none of this therefore it is an exampl e of Webern using a traditional structure in a 20th century manner.

US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

US History - Essay Example The American Revolution therefore gave rise to the spread of slavery who were used to carry out labor in the various American states more so in the southern region. The reason why slavery in the South spread faster as compared to the North still remains a substance of contention, however, there is absolutely certain that the concept of slavery had impact on social, political and economic towards the development of America and its society. Slavery has played a significant role in the social development of individuals in America. For instance, the â€Å"three-fifths† compromise concept in America, which identified the slaves as fractions of human beings for the purposes of census and population count which resulted to the guarantee of the white men more votes as compared to the blacks in senatorial and presidential elections. This action therefore sweetened the pill through the provision of semi equality, humanism, liberty thus to a small extent meeting the slave’s quest of happiness simply because this concept did not seem to be consistent with the brutal practice of chattel slavery. Chattel slavery the concept that comes into the mind of individuals when they try to imagine and visualize the extent of slavery which existed in America and other parts of the world before and during the Civil War (ORourke 56). In chattel slavery, the slaves were treated like actual possessions and property since individuals were bought, sold, and were not allowed to engage in any sensual societal duty such as voting. The â€Å"three-fifth† compromise therefore advanced the brutalizing effect of chattel slavery. This effect was achieved in two ways. To begin with, it gave consideration to the slave as a human, even though it recognized them as less than complete human beings. Secondly, it gave the slaves a chance of participating in important functions such as voting in congress and presidential elections.