stuff the tigers Essays

stuff the tigers Essays stuff the tigers Essay stuff the tigers Essay Dear Editor, Im a regular newspaper reader. Recently I stumbled upon Jeremy Clarksons article about tigers. Upon reading it I discovered that I strongly disagree with some of his ideas and points of view and the way in which he writes them. On a personal level I am also fond of these wild animals, which gives me reasons to criticise this article. I can understand that it is difficult to find a rather engaging topic for the readers, especially for the younger audiences. However, this article crosses all of the delicate boundaries that a newspaper is expected to adhere to. It is clear to me, and I am sure o many of your other loyal readers, that the author expresses his views in an offensive way and belittles this sensitive issue by using inappropriate sarcasm. This can clearly be seen from the beginning of the article; the title Stuff The Tigers not only shows Mr. Clarksons personal attitudes to all living creatures and the world itself but also uses language to create humour to address a topic that is clearly not humorous. By using a pun on the word stuff he is making an insensitive start to his article. While this may appeal to a younger audience, those more educated will find it offensive. I am not against his article, every person is allowed to have her or his own opinion. However, the author talks about the animals as if they are non-living objects. Is it a correct point of view? I do not believe so. Animals are living creatures that are a part of our environment, not as Clarkson thinks as irrelevant as the death of a faraway star. They deserve to be treated with respect. All creatures on this planet have their own purpose and it is not up to us to decide whether they live or die. As the most developed and intelligent species, it is our duty to preserve nature. What is more, it is not that hard to save the tigers from xtinction, but clearly Mr. Clarkson cares nothing for their disappearance and the little effort it would take to make a difference. Extinction of any species is a global, environmental problem and one of the most important issues to face the world. It should be concerning all countries. However, from the opening line Jeremy Clarkson places blame mostly with particular countries i. e. China without a reasonable cause; As the population of China becomes more wealthy. Clarkson also suggests that it is generally thought that traditional Chinese medicine involves killing tigers 600million Chinese people believe will cure any umber of ailments. Even if this is so, why doesnt he admit the Chinese also contribute significantly to wildlife conservation? Or that this is a decreasing problem? Mr. Clarkson also writes; Apart from for a few impotent middle-class Chinamen, the extinction makes not the slightest bit of difference if Johnny tiger dies out. The author makes his feelings crystal clear, and it is a sad state of affairs if he is correct. Clarkson makes extinction seem unimportant. He implies that it is not even our concern; l nave never seen any numDer 0T creatures tnat I Know to exlst. so wny should I care if my children never see a tiger?. Here I disagree entirely. If we let all creatures die, who would maintain the essential balance that our planet so badly needs? Personally I do not have an answer. Probably Jeremy Clarkson with his despicable article knows He also mentions that the tigers provide business opportunities; demand for illegal tiger parts is booming. However, I understand that poor communities might feel the need to hunt as the way to survive which is more than Clarkson seems to acknowledge. More often then not, though, this is done because of greed and enormous profits and it is this that we need to prevent in order to prevent the xtinction of tigers. Here is another interesting point Clarkson raises which leaves me divided; Animals become extinct naturally like the brontosaurus. While I agree that some animal deaths are natural, how can the extinction of tigers be natural, if the creatures are being poached? This is not an understandable reason for their disappearance as whole. When the animals do not die naturally, they are not able to breed which leads to the extinction of the species. This is man-made problem not a natural one. Although many of his arguments are presented as questions, And what e supposed to do exactly? , Mr. Clarkson might have influenced your opinion on this issue by his presentation of the issues in a friendly tone, So why should I care if my children never see a tiger? , and humorous manner, eco mentalists. Probably he wants to manipulate us using his humor and the way of writing and I am surprised at your newspaper for allowing this to happen when it concerns a serious topic. He also uses exaggeration ( we are told the polar bear is now at risk and as a result were all supposed to kill ourselves) and these methods create the biggest impact on eaders, making them believe his arguments are more trustworthy than they are in reality. The only creatures that really matter are those in our social group said Jeremy Clarkson. He persuades the readers that nothing wrong and awful will happen if one type of species becomes extinct. However, we are all part of a balanced eco-system that relies on each aspect to survive effectively. If animals become extinct there will not be the required recourses for human beings because animals are needed for products and life support. Despite all of my criticism I agree with; Between 1900 and 1919 Eco-mentalists ignore the fact that we lost most of young men in Europe and prattle on about the passing of the passenger pigeon Nothing can be worse than closed eyes on many human deaths, especially young peoples but it is not part of the argument over saving tigers; these are separate issues. In my opinion The Sunday Times should think about the opposition to Jeremy Clarksons article and consider extinction as an issue for humanity as a whole. ? «You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty?  ». -Mahatma Gandi

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Essay Topic: Web Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern.As these pieces are all from the 20th century, each of the composers added their own interpretations with regards to tonality. I aim to analyse each piece in the context of tonality in order to answer this question.New York Counterpoint (NYC) by Steve Reich is tonal which means it makes use of a conventional key which is B major. This can be seen from the five sharps of the key signature (and lack of D naturals and F naturals.) In fitting with the key of B major, all the notes Reich uses in NYC are from the B major scale which makes the piece entirely diatonic.Although the piece is tonal and diatonic, Reich does not make use of functional harmony. This can be seen because of the lack of cadences and chord structures. The notes of the ostinati in the first section (bars 1-26) are based on chords four and five (E major, and F# major.) For example, in the f irst two bars beat 1 of bar 1 uses the noes A and C (chord V) then, the three semi quavers contain all the notes of chord IV (EGB) and the A and F just after beat four are from chord V. In the second bar, this trend continues; just after beat 1 notes from chord five are used (F and C in clarinet 7 and C and A in clarinet 8 and so on. Here, it is important to note that the notes from each chord only sound with notes from the same chord, no overlapping of notes is heard.This is a contrast to what happens later in the piece. Later in the piece, tonal blurring occurs which means that the notes from different chords (chords IV and V) sound at the same which results in a slightly dissonant blurred harmony. There is a good example of this at bar 22 on the penultimate semiquaver beat: The live clarinet and clarinet 3 are playing an E and clarinet 6 is playing a B, these notes partly make up chord four. Also, on this same beat, clarinet 1 is playing an A# and clarinet 4 is playing an F# whic h make up chord 5. Because these notes sound together, the notes that are heard together is B, E, F#, A#. Some of these notes are from chord four and some chord five which results in the blurred tonality because they sound simultaneously. The reason that this tonal blurring occurs is because of phasing which is the process of adding a rest before or after the ostinati pattern. In this example, the live clarinet and clarinet six are one beat out of phase (crotchet rest at the beginning of bar 17) which means the ostinati pattern (C#, B, G#, E) now starts a beat later than it did in bar 1. (unclear)Another tonal device that Reich uses in NYC is the pulsating chords found at bar 27 in clarinets 7, 8, 9 and bass clarinet 10. Here, Reich adds extra dissonances to the chords. For example, on the last two semi quaver beats of bar 27 the notes that are heard are F# (cl7), B# (cl8), D# (b. Cl 9) and a C# in the bass clarinet 10. The notes make up the chord of B major (BD#F#) however the diss onance of a C# is added which creates unclear harmony. This dissonance is then extended when the chords change in bar 33. The notes heard are A#, D#, G# and E. These notes dont make up any conventional chord therefore, creating dissonance in the tonality.String quartet 8 by Shostakovich is a tonal work in the key of C minor, this can be deduced from the key signature and the accidentals of B natural. However, the C minor tonality is unclear and undermined from the start due to the different keys that each of the DSCH motives enter in. The cello enters in the key of C minor (D, Eb, C, Bnatural are all from the C minor scale.) The viola enters in the key of G minor (A natural, Bb, G and F# from G minor scale.) The 2nd violin enters in C minor (same notes as cello but an octave higher.) Finally, the 1st violin enters in bar 5 in the key of F minor (G, Ab, F, E natural all from F minor scale.)It is also interesting how Shostakovich uses all twelve notes of the chromatic scale by bar 6 w hich firstly shows no evidence for a diatonic nature in the melody but also links the piece (weakly) with serialist techniques.Although there is little strong evidence of functional tonality reflecting the arch form structure throughout the piece, there is an element of functional harmony found at the end of the first section. The first section (A) is from bars 1-27 (characterised by its contrapuntal exploration of the DSCH motif) and towards the end (from bars 24-26) there is a hint of a functional perfect cadence. This is because in bar 24 the notes used at beat 3 (lowest to highest on score) are: F, F, Ab, C. This makes up chord four in C minor.The next chord used is chord five in C minor at the beginning of bar 25, the notes uses are: G, D, Ab, Bnatural. This is a major version of chord five (G, B, D) with the Ab (that drops a tone to G in the 3rd beat of 25) acting as a 9-8 suspension. Finally, the chord used at the start of bar 26 is chord 1, the notes are C, C, G, C. However, there is the absence of the third note which shows whether the chord is a major or minor, so although the progression as gone IV, V, I (traditional, functional harmony) the functional harmony is not so strict because it is not a proper chord I used to finalise the cadence and section A.Another tonal device that Shostakovich uses is the presence of a double pedal note on notes one (C) and five (G) of C minor. This is found in the B section (bars 27-44) in the 2nd violin, viola and cello and lasts for 17 bars. Again, there is no 3rd to make the tonality of this double pedal major or minor, creating an ambiguous feeling by the use of bare, open fifths.Unlike NYC and Shostakovichs string quartet, Weberns Quartet is completely atonal. Its atonal because the piece is composed using serialist techniques. This means that Webern has created a tone row which is constructed from all 12 notes of the chromatic scale, not in order and none repeated. This has the effect of placing no importance o n a single note. The prime order tone row can be head in the tenor saxophone from bars 6-10.Because no importance is placed on a single note, it removes all the traditional and conventional elements that were laid out by 17th/18th/19th century tonality. The music isnt centred on the tonic, it has no key, it has no cadences and no deliberate harmonic chords that accompany a supporting melody. Although, there are chords they are simply a result of different perumatations of the cantus firums (prime row) overlapping, such as the climatic point at 22 and 23. In other words, any notes that sound together are not a result of deliberate harmony. There is no harmony in this work.However, it is still interesting how the structure of the Quartet is a traditional sonata form. Conventionally, a traditional sonata form would have made use of functional harmony with modulations and different keys for different sections. As previously stated, the Quartet does none of this therefore it is an exampl e of Webern using a traditional structure in a 20th century manner.

US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

US History - Essay Example The American Revolution therefore gave rise to the spread of slavery who were used to carry out labor in the various American states more so in the southern region. The reason why slavery in the South spread faster as compared to the North still remains a substance of contention, however, there is absolutely certain that the concept of slavery had impact on social, political and economic towards the development of America and its society. Slavery has played a significant role in the social development of individuals in America. For instance, the â€Å"three-fifths† compromise concept in America, which identified the slaves as fractions of human beings for the purposes of census and population count which resulted to the guarantee of the white men more votes as compared to the blacks in senatorial and presidential elections. This action therefore sweetened the pill through the provision of semi equality, humanism, liberty thus to a small extent meeting the slave’s quest of happiness simply because this concept did not seem to be consistent with the brutal practice of chattel slavery. Chattel slavery the concept that comes into the mind of individuals when they try to imagine and visualize the extent of slavery which existed in America and other parts of the world before and during the Civil War (ORourke 56). In chattel slavery, the slaves were treated like actual possessions and property since individuals were bought, sold, and were not allowed to engage in any sensual societal duty such as voting. The â€Å"three-fifth† compromise therefore advanced the brutalizing effect of chattel slavery. This effect was achieved in two ways. To begin with, it gave consideration to the slave as a human, even though it recognized them as less than complete human beings. Secondly, it gave the slaves a chance of participating in important functions such as voting in congress and presidential elections.

Stat 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stat 2 - Assignment Example t decision making problems have multiple objectives that cannot be optimized simultaneously because of the conflicting nature of the objectives or goals. Goal programming is used to solve programming problems with several objective functions (goals) or constraints (Tanlamai, 2011). The linear problem below represents a goal programming problem, and also represents a non-linear programming problem whereby the program is defined by systems of equalities and inequalities (constraints) with real variables X1 and X2. Braaksma, A. J., Meesters, A. J., Klingenberg, W. W., & Hicks, C. C. (2012). A quantitative method for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. International Journal Of Production Research, 50(23), 6904-6917. Lo, Q., & Chai, K. (2012). Quantitative analysis of quality management literature published in total quality management and business excellence (1996–2010). Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23(5/6),

Revolution Politically Considered Essay Example for Free

Revolution Politically Considered Essay The word Maccabean comes from Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Jewish revolt against Syria which took place from 167 – 160 B. C. E. In 2nd Maccabees 15 v 30 he is described as â€Å"The perfect champion of his fellow citizens. † The story is recorded in the Apocryphal Biblical Books Ist and 2nd Maccabees, the sources written closest in time to the events and to a lesser extent by the Jewish 1st century C. E. historian Flavius Josephus in his Antiquities ( Books XII and XIII) who wrote some 200 years later. Martin Cohen ( The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered,1975, page 21) describes all three of authors, those of the Maccabean books and Josephus, as being overly partisan and seems to be saying that the so called sinners weren’t as black as they are painted. Some might say however that his article is in danger of going too far the other way in parts. The name means ‘hammer’ and was used to describe Judas’ immense strength. It was then taken as a name by his brothers, two of whom succeeded him, and other followers. The conflict had been stirred when, after a period of increasing Hellenisation, Syrian ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes gave orders forbidding certain Jewish customs and practices and turned the Temple into a shrine for the pagan god Zeus – the idol the Jews refer to as ‘the abomination of desecration’ mentioned in Daniel 11. Judas Maccabeus and his followers incited a revolt. In 164 B. C. E they were able to regain control of the Temple, which was then cleansed and rededicating to the God of Israel. To this day Jews celebrate the feast of Hanukkah to recall these events. The story ends with the death of Nicanor in 2 Maccabeans 15 and also the idea of dedicating a special day to its remembrance- the thirtieth day of the twelfth month. The use of the menorah, the seven branched candlestick, is a reminder of the same events. Members of Judas’ family, the Hasmoneans, continued to rule in Israel until the Romans arrived in force in 63 B. C. E. Ist Maccabees was originally written in Hebrew, but that version is now lost and the text used is taken from the Greek Septuagint. The book is set in the period of Greek rule and covers the period of revolt from 175 to 134 B. C. However it also describes how many Hebrews actually welcomed the coming of Greek customs, even to the extent of trying to pass themselves off as Greeks. In 1st Maccabees 1 v 15 the writer tells how some were trying to hide the marks of circumcism i. e. the very mark of their Jewishness. In 2nd Maccabees the events are again related, but this time seemingly with the intention of showing God’s continued care for his people. It begins by urging Alexandrian Jews to keep the feast of Hanukkah and looks back at the events that led up to the first celebration. At the same time it castigates several people – the Hellenistic Jewish priests, in particular including High Priest Jason who was said to have sent money for statue of Herakles, something Martin Cohen ( Page 15 ) sees as a bribe rather than as a genuine donation because of faith.. Robert Doran ( 2006, The revolt of the Maccabees) looked for historic similarities and likened it to the modern day insurgency in Iraq. He tells how for the first years of Seleucid rule there were no major problems between the two groups. He describes the main problem as being about Jewish identity and who controls that definition. He makes the point that some would not have considered Jason to be a Jew at all, whereas he, as Jewish high priest, presumably did. He cites 20th century Jewish scholars Elias Bickermann and Victor Tchenikover who put the blame not on the Seleucids, but upon the Jewish leaders of the time. While I Maccabees blames the Seleucid leader, it has been pointed out by scholars such as Otto Morkholm (Antiochus IV of Syria, 1966) that in general he supported local cultures. The writer of 2nd Maccabees blames the institution of Greek education, even though there were a number of years between the opening of the Greek school and the revolt. The truth seems to be that when a villager from Modein, the Hasmonean home town, went to make sacrifices, Mattathias, the father of Judas, struck him with his sword. The family then fled, but also began a campaign of throwing down the pagan alters that they found and killing those who opposed what they felt was right. By the opening of 2nd Maccabees the father had died and it is Judas who is leading the revolutionaries. There are other major differences between the accounts, namely with regard to fighting on the Sabbath. This happens in the first book, but not in the second. According to Doran, in what seems to be a quite objective account ( page 107), upon the death of Antiochus his successor seems, to have let the matter stand, with the Hasmoneans in charge in Jerusalem. However the revolution was spreading to other areas. Jerusalem became the center for a general revolt against Seleucid rule. In 162 B. C. E. Judas finally lost control of the Temple area and was killed. Josephus describes in the opening words of his second book about the period, (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 13) how, after the death of Judus Maccabeus ‘all the wicked, and those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers, sprang up again in Judea. ’ And so the battles continued under new leadership. However soon after this the Seleucid Empire began to crumble because of its own internal divisiveness and Simon, brother of Judas, was able to expel the Seleucids. He was recognized as high priest of Judea in 140 B. C. E. So what had begun as a religious protest ended up as the basis for an independent kingdom – at last for a while. Martin Cohen took a new look at the events portrayed in the scriptures. He sees it as much as an internal fight among Jews as a revolt against foreign rule. He states (page 26) that Antiochus believed that no Jewish group was capable of holding the peace. He had trouble elsewhere and this is why he came down hard, turning Jerusalem into a fortress and he also removed the power of the Jewish constitution. This turned many into revolutionaries. If they had no Jewish law how could they be Jewish? Cohen describes how the revolt has often been viewed as a class struggle between the Hellenistic rulers and the ordinary people, despite the fact that there seems to have been grass roots support of Hellenisation. The Maccabees were not just non Hellenistic however, they were totally anti – Hellenistic, not just for themselves, but for Judaism as such. Cohen points out that the two accounts are both conflicting and inadequate and that the facts cited by Jewish historian Josephus don’t add a great deal to historic knowledge. He also describes how the Jewish Hellenistic aristocracy were very small in number. If they had not had popular support then the Selucid would have had to come down hard. Right from the beginning. The priests concerned are condemned in passages such as 2nd Maccabees 4 v 11 and 14. In the former passage they are accused of adding to the Pentateuch. The Pentateuch was scripture, but it was also the basis for all Jewish life. At the time of the revolution religion and politics, as far as the Jewish people were concerned were one and the same thing. But the Hellenistic Jews did not deny Judaism and the priests amongst them continued with their sacrificial roles, which they do not seem to have considered as being in opposition to their Hellenistic practices. Conclusion Whatever the truth of the matter regarding the origins of the revolt and wherever the true blame should lie, essentially this was about preserving Judaism as it had been for hundred of years and was about defining what is a Jew an argument that can still be seen to be going on, even if sometimes in silence, in the differences to be observed daily in the 21st century between those who call themselves Orthodox Jews and others of the same faith and race, believers and otherwise. Works Cited Bible, King James, â€Å"2nd Maccabees†, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia 12th May 2010, Libraryhttp://etext. virginia. edu/toc/modeng/public/Kjv2Mac. html Bible, Revised Standard Version, â€Å"Ist Maccabees†, National Council of Churches of Christ in America 12th May 2010, http://quod. lib. umich. edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx? type=DIV1byte=4219672 Cohen Martin, â€Å"The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered: Outline of a New Interpretation,† The Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis , (Fall 1975 ): 13-34 Doran , Robert, â€Å"The Revolt of the Maccabees â€Å" The National Interest ( September –October 2006):99, 100 Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XII ,12th May 2010, http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-12. htm Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XIII 12th May 2010 http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-13. htm Morkholm, Otto,† Antiochus IV of Syria†, Classica et Mediaevalia Dissertationes VIII, Copenhagen. 1966

Evolution of the Moral Code Essays -- Philosophy essays

Evolution of the Moral Code "Morality is the herding instinct of the individual."  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Nietzsche Within the depths of your imagination, two tribes exist. Peaceful hunter-gatherers, they are exactly equal in every respect. All of the variables in their environment are the same or cancel each other out. Their birth and death rates coincide exactly, their resources and location are so similar that they could be the same tribe. They remain in this state of equality, completely unaware of each others' existence, until one day a fight erupts in both tribes at the same time which heats to the point where one member of the tribe kills another in anger. Amidst this, something unusual happens: for the first time, a split occurs in the behavior of the tribes. The first tribe frowns upon the behavior, convenes a meeting of tribal elders, and decides to punish the individual. The punishment is severe and public, the individual justly reprimanded for his heinous crime. In the second tribe, the action is seen as natural. The argument exploded into anger, a perfectly natural emotion, and escalated to the point where it was a life-or-death situation. No punishment is handed down, and the tribe continues to live. As time passes, the tribe which punished the murder sees few further murders, instead keeping its strict standard and severely punishing any such transgression. The looser tribe sees more murders, as it is perfectly accepted, a part of their moral code. Or rather, an accepted standard not mentioned in their moral code. Time passes. The difference does not cause the end or severe decline of either tribe. At some point, the tribes become aware of each other, and find it necessary for the purposes of this illustra... ...essary if we replace it with the realization that morals are in place that we may live together. In this theoretical case, the hypocrisy of religion is subtracted with the outdated morals no longer needed to keep the outdated system intact. The important morals will remain, and religious crimes will end, such as much of the seemingly endless religion-fueled fighting in the Middle East. Religion must, in the end, go, to be replaced by simple ethics and respect. Unfeasible? Wholly. But on the individual level, at least acceptance can be learned and perhaps passed on, and eventually, the outdated, humanized view of God will be replaced by love. For none of us lives to himself, and no one dies to himself; for in case we live, we live to the Lord, and in case we die, we die to the Lord; so whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord. -Romans 14:7-8

Reforming Globalization

Walden university Alexandra Salsas August 3, 2014 Globalization is an objective with which all companies include nowadays; the global expansion allows firms to increase their profitability and thus consequently the profit growth. As the article mentions the pursuit of a Just society involves carefully balancing two contradictory necessities with regard to the corporate sector.Since reparations are responsible for much of the wealth and many of the Jobs in a modern economy, at the same time, however, even as the corporate sector is fostered, Justice and fairness require that these firms not be permitted to exercise disproportionate power, that is for getting the best employees and with that Increase the profit growth.When people talk about the company In the best way this Increase the profitability for this company that which one uses In a bad way Its power or act wrong with customers or employees. Global expansion arises because of the need to encourage the corporate sector, which Is rooted In the fact that corporate-driven economic development dramatically raises living standards and thereby reduces the Injustices associated with deprivation.Similarly, the people who live In poor countries legitimately seek the broadly distributed Improved levels of health, education, and material comfort that are promised by a future of economic development, globalization allows this economic development of countries around he world, and companies to increase and create more franchises need this obtaining a global country increase the offers for employees and with that people get better living conditions as it said.The rules governing the global economy emerge from multilateral talks that reflect the bargaining power of the negotiating countries, power that in turn broadly corresponds to the size of each country economy. Global expansion, profitability, and profit growth aid both the company as the country where they found.